A Guide To Precious Metals

Gold is renowned for its exceptional malleability, ductility, and resistance to corrosion and tarnish. It has a distinct yellow lustre and does not oxidise in air or water. It is used primarily in jewellery, and as a monetary standard in the form of coins and bullion. Gold is relatively rare in the Earth's crust, making it valuable and sought after, and its cultural and historical significance as a symbol of wealth and status further enhances its value. However, because pure 24-carat gold is a malleable metal, gold in its purest form is rarely found in jewellery. ​​The reality is that this precious metal is too soft to be crafted into wearable pieces, let alone capable of securely holding a diamond, and so gold is commonly alloyed with other metals to enhance its strength and durability. 18-carat gold, a popular choice in jewellery making, is an alloy composed of 75% pure gold and 25% other metals. This blending of metals imparts distinct characteristics to the gold, altering its colour, hardness, and malleability. While 24-carat gold represents the purest form of the metal, making lower carat alloys like 18-carat gold more suitable for everyday wear.

The alloying of gold serves not only functional purposes but also aesthetic ones. By varying the proportions of other metals in the alloy, jewellers can create a spectrum of hues, from the warm tones of rose gold to the cool elegance of white gold. Additionally, alloys can imbue gold with greater resilience, ensuring that cherished pieces withstand the test of time and retain their lustre for generations. Thus, while the concept of purity may evoke images of unblemished brilliance, the reality is that the artistry and craftsmanship of alloying precious metals elevate their beauty and utility, making them enduring symbols of elegance and refinement.

Platinum is even rarer than gold, which contributes to its high value. It is a dense, highly unreactive metal with a silvery-white appearance. It is more robust and more resistant to wear and tarnish than gold, making it highly durable. Pure platinum, while extremely dense and durable, is also relatively soft and malleable, which can make it prone to scratching and bending. Platinum for jewellery use is also alloyed, but with 95% pure platinum, hence the 950 hallmark. Alloying platinum with other metals, such as ruthenium enhances its hardness and durability, making it more suitable for everyday wear. This added strength helps jewellery pieces retain their shape and resist damage over time. Platinum alloys are easier to work with compared to pure platinum. The addition of other metals improves the metal's casting, shaping, and setting properties, allowing jewellers to create more intricate and durable designs. It also facilitates the secure setting of gemstones, which is crucial for the longevity and safety of fine jewellery.